Friday, 14 December 2018

OUGD601 - Extended Essay Reading - Ethical Marketing and the new consumer by Chris Arnold


Ethical Marketing and the New Consumer

pg 2
- Marketing has lept to be green
- Greenwashing is commonly associated with marketing
- Ethical environmental marketing is in short supply
- Green isn’t always a way for a brand to be seen as ethical

pg 3
- classic advertising is not always as effective with green design
- consumer always changing

pg 8
- marketing ethos makes green less marginal
- brands are defined by their actions and ethos

pg 9
- decrease in profit is necessary for values
- people base assumptions on reputation, whereas companies think brand

pg 10
- not defining ethos or value leads to failure
- ethos is a strong thing for a company however it is rarely considered in identity design 
- hard to get people on board with an ethos if actions don’t reflect it

pg 11
- strong ethos and personality connects strongly with customers
- people trust people rather than business

pg 12
- need to tell people why you do things and why its important so the customer understands you and trusts you
- ethics is becoming a third dimension to marketing

pg 13
- consumers connect with ethos and are more likely to behave in a particular way if they know why and how
- actions define reputation – it is difficult to get rid of a bad reputation

pg 16
- Pret good in one sense less ethics on health but still successful
- Clean looking, modern and fresh design

pg 17
- customer impression and experience makes them seem ethical
- Pret has ethos and passion
- Consumers understand fake claims
- For consumers to see a brand as ethical ethos is needed

pg 18
- oil company trying to look green seems like green washing not convincing

pg 19
- companies that just make money not liked by consumers
- minority of people interested in whether business is making lots of money
- not how much made but how its made
- large profit = greed
- recession has created anti capitalist feeling

pg 21
- values = asset – shallow if only value money
- making profit important for ethical business as they can put back into society
environmental practices save money
- there is financial gain to environmentalism
- gradual process of becoming a green company, saving money can be an incentive

pg 22
- consumer interested in more in actions as behaviour is more important than marketing in a brand

pg 24
- the era of conspicuous consumption is over
- recession will have an effect on consumerism and marketing
- people have become more frugal

pg 25
- rethink on what matters and people have been brought together
- spending is being replaced by cautiousness and questioning attitude
- spending seen as greedy and unethical
- society is beginning to have more morals and values
- churn and fast consumerism being replaced by considered, conscientious consumerism
desire for truth and honesty in fashion
- new benefits are seen when values are readjusted

pg 26
- advertising is used to tempt, buy latest and sometimes eco ethical

pg 27
- churn provides work for developing countries but increases use of resources and damage to the planet
- live in disposable world making consumerism worse

pg 28
- need a new trend which is contrary to consumerisms instant and convenience

pg 29
- environmentalist - environment strong argument against consumerism – contrary to this humanitarians suggest consumerism has increased living standards / jobs in developing countries

pg 30
- green design means longevity which creates a conflict of interests

pg 32
- churn needs to be reduced to help environment but this argument it mixed with anticaptialist tones
- manufacturing provides jobs, money and health for developing countries – how can this be done I a sustainable way

pg 33
- marketing fuels churn however it is just a tool – selling to a new consumer is about taking responsibility
- society of churn, convenience and disposability
- society starting to reject this with a return to basics and old values

pg 36
- fairtrade has got rid of negative poor quality image

pg 37
- prices high with ethical products marketed at a premium
- price goes up and demand goes down for ethical products

pg 38
- attitudes changed after the recession and people spend less
- income change not necessarily true however people feel the need to change their behaviour to become savvier when spending
- return to post war values after recession
- recycling and reuse new trends

pg 39
- food and household products over packaged
- regulations, security and economics leave little room for change in packaging

pg 40
- second use packaging could be a way for manufacturers to solve packaging problem without reducing their packaging
- second life packaging could be a brand value and differentiate between other brands
need financial incentive for return recycling

pg 41
- points system possibly isn’t supported
- pennies off system maybe more effective
- refill not always practical
- business realise ethics can save money and less waste reduces cost
- waste has value
- waste can be turned into new objects

pg 44
- way and say need to be consistent in ethical marketing
- honesty and respect needed

pg 45
- honesty needed to engage people
- honesty ethical value which leads to trust which is important in marketing

pg 48
- the public aren’t stupid but brands tend to think they are

pg 49
- outward branding – image trying to portray
- reflective branding – what people say, think and feel when they see it
- brand reputation – what consumers say about you

pg 58
- talk to people at the right time and place

pg 60
- corporate brands cannot be completely ethical particularly when the drive is to continually improve profits

pg 70
- 79% - recession did not effect green / ethical considerations
- Green / ethical aspects need support to get through recession
- People trying to be more self sufficient

pg 71
- 41% swapped to cheaper brands
- 34% reduced purchasing of premium brands (Tesco Finest and Sainsburys Taste the Difference)
- Shift from premium products to promotions and comparing products
- Brands shifting to focus marketing on price or value

pg 72
- able to adopt new values in comfortable periods
- everyone can adopt new values it just varies how they are adopted
- values can be adopted as a fashion statement, accessories or a personal statement, as lifestyle baggage, however rarely because of survival
- fears for the environment for the consumer are disconnected, it doesn’t affect them and their survival
- immunity to damage in the world
- problem is boxed away

pg 73
- there is a hierarchy of fear
- recession threatens lifestyle
- less money is better for planet as we buy and waste less
- more community spirit

pg 74
- community important and selfishness unattractive
- quality products are best sold by brands during hard time because people buy cheap or quality when conscious of money
- people go for value rather than just whats cheap in a recession
- ethics raises value
- ethical brands don’t always use ethics as a value it is either use as a token or guilt message
- recession can help environment more than ad campaign

pg 75
- consumers and businesses concentrating on survival in a recession rather than the effect on the environment
- public think maintaining competitiveness of companies should not impact on environmental actions
- when conflict between competitiveness and the environment arises only half of people think the environment is more important than growth
- green / ethical marketing is limited when compared with other types
- consumers get some ethical / green messages from marketing but become confused about their responsibilities and what to do

pg 76
- public – half want to help the environment, but don’t know how – they know they need to make lifestyle changes but are concerned they don’t have the time – green is not the most important thing in a busy life
- gap between consumer awareness and action of green issues
- consumers lack information to be green, they are confused about what impact products have
- companies who make green easier and affordable will be most successful
- marketing which makes green easy makes effective behavioural change
 
pg 77
- consumer ethics change with the consumer climate
- consumers change ethical behaviour when things are tough
- ethics become closer to home when survival is considered – people are before the planet in difficult times

pg 80
- buying green products can provide emotional satisfaction
- marketing simple changes makes it easy for consumers to understand how they can help

pg 81
- products that show that a consumer is doing their bit adds emotional benefits – creates a sense of community and shares responsibility between consumers

pg 82
- tell people what you want them to do – make it simple
- tell people what can be achieved if lots of people did little bits as people don’t believe they can do things alone
- make it socially acceptable and part of anyone’s lifestyle

pg 86
- the media and awareness of environmental issues means consumers feel they should be more conscientious towards the environment
- minority of people buy because of ethics
- people unlikely to compromise on product quality to save the planet or support good causes
- people buy based on perceptions rather than actual information
- heart before head when it comes to consumer buying

pg 87
- purchasing behaviours - rational selling encourages the consumer to think logically and be more informed whereas emotive selling encourages them to act on impulse and is quicker
cheap items are seen as (R) rational sells whilst premium products are on the (E) emotive sell
- added value is in the E section 

pg 90
- eco ethical products often don’t tune into marketing allowing bigger brands to offer ethical alternatives
- E is emotions and ethics

pg 91
- A minds – logical, analytical – linear and unemotional – rarely openminded
- V minds – visual
- K minds – kinaesthetic – about feelings and emotions
- people are a combination of all of these aspects
- highlights consumer types and allows for better communication of messages

pg 93
- advertising best when in uses language that communicates to all types on consumer mind
- strong images most effective as people are commonly visual however they must be legitimate and real because the consumer will know if it is fake

pg 95
- consumers are more concerned about people over the planet however this does not mean they do not care
- when people understand the effect the environment can have on people consumers are more likely to respond
- people believe we are responsible for the planet and can make a difference however think government and companies are to blame
- consumers think that they are responsible and should sort the problem out rather than passing it on to the consumer

pg 96
- public opinion is that the government do not feel the government try’s to tackle the environmental problem strongly enough and that companies influence the government

pg 101
- reformers – strong ethical group – idealistic – need to do good – environmental champion
helpers – not driven by money, selfless, caring , believe strongly in people ethics – don’t have a lot of money so cannot buy expensive ethical products
- achievers – fuelled by success – professional and image conscious – fear failure – materialistic – money and reward driven – ethics for them is for show – rarely make things happen
- individualists – private, sensitive – low self esteem – don’t buy brands which draw attention – may buy alternative brands to show a rejection of the masses – early cause campaigners until it becomes mainstream then move on – can be selfish and prefer to sort their own problems – hard to sell to unless unique or black spot brand – buy local if others are buying in supermarkets – do the opposite to the masses
- investigators – innovative , curious , isolated but persceptive , self improving, intense – aim to be experts – prefer books rather than a night out – keen on knowledge – respect expertise – don not like sloppiness – strong understanding of ethics – narrow minded when fixed on something – will change facts to fit belief
- loyalists – committed, hardworking – loyal to beliefs – if buy your brand for ethical reasons they will continue to do so – a bond is made – security orientated – like conformity and suspicious of change – like knowing where they stand and do not like uncertainty
- enthusiasts – like adventure and activity – live to the full – busy , trying to do lots of things – extrovert – bored without anything to do – fun loving – passionate when in to something – active ethically
- challengers – scared of not being in control – self confident – dominating and decisive  - always right, like to be the boss – confrontational and critical – like to be the expert – good for championing a cause
- peacemakers – agreeable, easy going , follow the crowd, don’t express personal choice, good listeners, aware , don’t challenge , buy like the masses, community important to them – support people based ethics

pg 114
- people sometimes won’t pay extra for something because they think it should be a moral basic, not because they don’t care e.g. no animal testing
- environmental issues carbon footprint and environmentally friendly) scored less than people based ethics
- people don’t understand carbon footprint and environmentally friendly sounds like a greenwash
- fairtrade recognised as a symbol – organic sometimes seen as a con to charge extra
- people see organic in different ways either from a green angle or as a better tasting product
- tesco organic symbol recognisable
- recycled symbol understood by 91% of people , however range of different symbols make it confusing

pg 115
- 19% would pay more because ethics give value
- Intent needs to be turned into action by brands
- 20% never believe green claims , 66% sometime believed, 14% trusted green ads – better off not marketing green?

pg 116
- lacking leadership from government on environmental issues and ethics
- Channel 4 survey – who should be responsible for tackling climate change – 79% government, 74% people, 68% business
- Vizu Corp – one third will not change their behaviour – one fifth suggested they were doing as much as possible

pg 120
- rethink in society of values
- after recession people and community values increasing however environment losing out

pg 122
- consumers more likely to purchase from capitalist brands with morals rather than ones fuelled by profit and greed
- if ethos is forgotten about and profit drives the company the business will be unethical

pg 123
- in supermarkets revolutions are taking place, both in reaction against corporations and as positive action for the world

pg 125
- environmentalism is seen as a nice thing to have but not a necessity
- community values engage consumers

pg 126
- consumers want brand ethos and to know that they aren’t just driven by money
- divisions are forming in society between those who value profit and others who consider profit as a product of having people and planet values
- making money immorally is short-sighted because people will see through this, whilst moral money making will lead to success later on

pg 158
- ethical sphere allows brands to work out values and which should be marketed
- green is jumped on and the wrong ethical message is portrayed
- Key ethical values – 50

pg 160
- products don’t sell completely based on ethical values which needs to be considered in marketing
- ethics adds value but the product has to be right

pg 161
- need to consider marketing touchpoints
- process of finding and applying values in marketing
- environmentally friendly too vague

pg 162
- nothing will ever be completely ethical
- values considered in context of consumer values, benefits and different groups
- ethical values made more relevant when considered in relation to consumer orientated values and benefits

pg 166
- some words in marketing have lost value or are confusing, whilst others are influential
- green on packaging more credible than in ads – green in ads less likely to be believed than without it
- green means different things to different people

pg 167
- general public can sometimes fall for green claims however green consumers are less likely to
- shows that ethics and values increase sales – as well as showing how brands can misuse morals to sell things

pg 168
- environmental / ethical values need to be linked to practical benefits for the consumer – can be indirect such as saving the planet
- Carbon footprint not easily understood for consumer

pg 169
- pollution used less often – carbon replaced it – carbon too scientific for consumer / public to understand fully
- words have history behind them and are associated with values

pg 171
- for effective communication people need to be engaged rather than talked to
- ‘green’ has strong meaning and is easily understood however the meaning has become broader
- ‘green’ meaning has become more vague but it is still considered positive
- ‘green’ is visual which is appealing to consumers who are mainly visual
- Sustainability and CO2 are more scientific rational and analytical which the public don’t associate with
- Pollution is visual
- Use of words in marketing depends on the audiences, understanding of the word, the context e.g. packaging , ads and quality or writing

pg 205
- consumer buying behaviour varies between passion about why and what they buy and concern about convenience and cost
- average consumer purchasing attitude – middleground of these concerns
more conscientious society means ACP changes

pg 206
- local is positive attractive and romantic, community focused

pg 207
- organic romantic
- ethical aspects can’t make up for a bad product
- more choice now compared to post war period
- consumers like option of choice but hate it in reality / practicality
- convenience wanted because of lack of time and dislike for decision making

pg 208
- ethical values added more choice
- only conscientious consumers consider the ins and outs of ethical aspects – the general public prefer a brand to take responsibility of that for them – M & S campaign

pg 210
- recession has led to brands favouring cheapness over values
- heritage is easily understood, associated with trust and quality and traditional values

pg 211
- names in brands make consumers feel like someone is passionate and cares about the product

pg 213
- 1 in 4 consumers are conflicted consumers who are willing to swap to a more ethical brand

pg 220
- women say they are more influenced by an ethical product compared to men, however mens suggested purchasing behaviour better reflects what they say, whereas women get distracted
- fashion industry – ethics after aesthetics

pg 221
- ethical fashion brands have smaller budgets so can’t make big claims however they have become more innovative

pg 226
- clear and honest labelling scarce in retail
- consumers want to know about a product and this should be made easy for them and clear
- consumers should be educated about ethical factors

pg 227
- 75% of decision making is made at point of sale so the label is a powerful marketing tool
- Ethical fashion cannot match low price however adds value through quality and design making it competitive
- People won’t buy clothes that are ugly even if it is ethical

pg 252
- there is uncertainty around new consumer trends and attitudes which makes companies careful in marketing because of fear of failure
- failure is needed for successes to be made

pg 253
- people want to think you can deliver and see that you care for the environment

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