Notes and Quotes
pg 106
- sustainable design considers the economic, social and
environmental impacts of a design equal
- it is holistic and considers the whole life cycle within
design
- Design for Society can have environmental and social
benefits as well as influence / change behaviours / models systems
- Can create new paths that meets peoples needs as well as benefiting environment, society and economy
pg 107
- a complete structural overhaul is needed in business
- greatest effects when considering environmental and social
impact early in the design process
- improvement approach makes gradual small changes to consider
people, planet and profit (social, economic and environmental)
pg 108
- policies / regulations can be used by designers as a guide
to improve / modify design
- designers need to understand regulation for legal reasons
and to put products ahead
- there needs to be understanding and action for
sustainability
pg 109
- less consumption should be encouraged when product uses
energy
- need to understand where the product consumes resources and
encourage less consumption
- modifications can create innovation and increase
sustainability
pg 110
- redesign considers the lifecycle of a product
- Redesign makes amendments to aspects across the lifecycle
without affecting the design
pg 111
- LCA allows for an accurate overview of environmental impact
- Where there is most impact changes are made
- Impact on the environment can be reduced through LCA
planning
pg 113
- both environmental impact and costs are reduced through
redesign
- there will be limited effects without new systems
- designers have to consider needs not just improve design
- more holistic view and collaboration is needed for new
concepts
- get rid of a physical design and change / replace with other
method
pg 114
- multiple / combined functions reduces impact
- optimizing design by looking at functions of design
- cultural change is needed before packaging seen as excessive
pg 115
- system innovation means creating new systems
- there is room for designers to be part of these changes
- PSS uses services rather than products, this reduces waste
and energy / resource use and increase lifecycles
pg 116
- overhaul is needed to economic model
- design can help change by considering sustainability from
beginning
pg 117
- business aims to follow legislation rather than make larger
changes to thinking
pg 118
- incremental change only makes so much difference, whereas
system changes are needed for sustainability
- system changes are difficult, with risk and need
collaboration
- system changes can make a business stand out
- system innovation leads to the highest possible positive
environmental and financial impacts
- more focus on environmental effects than social
- less focus on social led to less innovative ideas
- design for sustainability could change behaviour
pg 119
- sustainable design now more established
- will be more understanding from industry about the benefits
and change sustainability can now bring
pg 137
- huge use of resources shows how industrial countries have
failed to be sustainable
- more strain put on environment by newly emerging economies
- equity balance between countries both rich and poor will
mean an increase in standard of living less developed countries and reduced
consumption in rich countries
- consumption in wealthy nations has been rapid
pg 138
- consumers think more is best
- people always want more and aim for this
- different quality products are made to allow people to consume within their budget, which has
affected lifespans
- people always want newer products
- new products are continually made
- there is higher demand for limited resources
pg 139
- the amount of waste is determined by longevity of products
and buying of new products
pg 140
- in a circular economy everything should be recycled to make
new products
- slowing of resource use goes against growth economics
- circular economy means making products 100% recycled which
would limits choices
- reduced consumption considered unrealistic by government and
industry
- public opinion favours less consumption
- to minimise consumption products should last longer
- reuse and longer life spans suggested by EU to reduce waste
pg 141
- long life products have a positive effect on waste and the
economy through new repair markets
pg 142
- products have improved efficiency and recyclability but not
longevity
- trends become the norm and people replace products to stay
up to date even if still functional
- trends / fashion allows for
expression of creativity. Some disagree with the replacement of products based
on look rather than fault
- function first over aesthetics and
trends that are short lived
pg 143
- consumption is currently
unsustainable and complete solution not clear
- cannot only focus on one aspect of sustainability, LCA more
effective
- niche sustainable markets created
- improvement in waste management
- improved products may not be enough to become
sustainable
Design, Sustainability and Marketing
pg 168
- marketing / branding contribute towards consumption problems
- can be used to increase sustainable behaviour
- increase in living standards worldwide will increase
problems
- brands / marketing can change (positively or negatively)
common consumption behaviours
- companies are considering impacts their products as well as
the effect they can have on behaviour
- behaviour change is difficult as it is engrained in culture
and society – brands / marketing see that they influence this – marketing can
be a better way of changing behaviour than just information
pg 169
- products have meaning and reflect aspects of our lives e.g.
identity, group norms etc
- brands also represent these things which places them in a
position to change perceptions
- can influence more sustainable behaviour in individuals and
society
- if a sustainable product is not bought for whatever reason
then it shouldn’t be made
- to create sustainability a majority of people need to be
more sustainable
- sustainability is not always considered in purchasing
- marketing can help through: understanding of consumer needs
and behaviours to encourage sustainable consumption, normalise sustainable
products through brands and make sustainable products appealing
pg 170
- marketers should understand peoples desires and aims then
create something that meets these needs
- products should reflect the benefits that they will bring to
a consumer
- people do not buy because of the environment – to become
more sustainable products need to emphasise practical benefits of the product
- consumers need to understand what they will get from the
product
- branding marketing aims to play on consumers needs to get
them to buy products
pg 171
- green marketing has focused too much on the environment and
less on the benefits consumers get from these products – not motivational and
too rational
- making sustainability normal is more beneficial than making
it something to aim towards
- brands slow to minimise social and environmental impacts
pg 172
- wider ranges of green products suggest they are not the norm
which lets consumer demand dictate rate of change towards sustainability
- brands should change their complete offering to be more
sustainable
- focussing product ranges can influence consumer choice
- people will do things if they think others are doing it
- incremental sustainable changes are noticeable for a limited
time them are normal
pg 173
- brand scan highlight sustainability problems and make
sustainability more of a purchasing factor (through labelling) for consumers
- clear sustainability information increases transparency and
consumer understanding
- eco labels by brands normalise sustainability
- green washing can negatively impact the legitimacy of
environmental / sustainability claims
- early sustainable marketing by brands was different to
previous branding which had a negative effect
- certain green aesthetic created that was unappealing
- looked like brands were trying to be something else
- made green design / products niche rather than norm
pg 174
- brands can promote sustainable behaviour in other ways, not
just product creation
pg 175
- sustainability can be created by brands through using trends
and changing social norms
- marketing needs to understand motivations and contexts
- brand need to be relevant
- brands can influence perceptions of lifestyles
- behaviour placement within films etc can normalise
behaviours
- marketing makes issues relevant and understandable
pg 176
- focussing on a specific issue can help consumers understand
how to help
pg 177
- encouraging new behaviours can increase sales as well as
more sustainable behaviour
- we are motivated into doing things if others are doing them
– marketing focusses on individual choice however we are largely influenced by
social learning
pg 178
- gamification is used to link fun with brands
- incentivising sustainable behaviours may increase
sustainability this creates competitivity
- Recyclebank rewards sustainable behaviour through points
collection
pg 179
- brands could become driving force to sustainable behaviour
change
- brands have moved away from being defined by products now
there is a focus on meeting - needs and how they benefit consumers
- sustainable reuse are seen as profitable activities and
allow stronger relationships with customers
- unsustainability is normalised and promoted by Western /
Northern cultures
marketing cannot change behaviour on its own, system changes
are needed alongside this
Why Sustainable Consumers don’t care much about Green
Products
pg 156
- To be sustainable citizens we have to think about our
consumption
- Consumption choices driven by internal and external factors
(regulation , identity etc)
- Understanding that consumption needs to be reduced but do
not reflect on quantity or quality of consumption
- What drives people to buy green and stop buying new, whilst
having the ability to buy them
pg 157
- sustainable consumption has tended to focus on efficiency
and sustainable products
- questionable whether sustainable consumption is the solution
to consumption of natural resources or products / services
- sustainable consumption looks at individual consumption,
government strategies, systems, - policies and economic models, environmental
damage and wealth divisions
for sustainable consumption to be achieved there must be
systems must become more efficient through technological improvements and
consumption rates and behaviours need to change
pg 158
- focus on increased consumption in developed countries for
economic growth
- understood politically and academically that consumption
needs to be reduced
- consumption has strong ties to wellbeing in economically
developed countries
- in the current economic difficult to form an alternative
model of consumption
- the difficulties of creating and alternative consumption
model in existing systems has limited the possibility of sustainable
consumption
- weak sustainability is product focussed and encourages
consumption of green products
- strong sustainability encourages efficiency and behavioural
change
- technology and design have a role to play in creating and
encouraging new systems and products
pg 159
- design thinking can solve and frame problems through
questioning products and the creation of more efficient problems
- designers more than ever need to understand the motives of
consumers and consumerism as well as improving product efficiency
- consumption allows for the reflection of self and allows us
to interact with the world
- there is less drive to change behaviour purely for the
environment instead green products are used
- less consumption is not popular
- the change from green to sustainable consumption is
questionable
- weak sustainability is convenient as behaviour does not have
to change radically
- weak sustainability allows economic growth to continue,
profits to be made and resources to be used more efficiently and waste
reduction making it popular for governments
pg 160
- is green consumption
green? – the switch to green consumerism from traditional consumerism may lead
to the same problems of consumption and identity – Diderot effect created
- luxury green products can encourage more consumption
- the benefits of green consumption are limited to creating a
sustainable society
- green consumption could increase rather than reduce
consumption
pg 162
- values associated with voluntary simplicity could lead to a
more sustainable consumption / society
- people can be motivated to reduce
consumption for self benefit, which is often in reaction to misconsumption, in
which advertisers create a cycle of promotion and consumption in society that
does not meet peoples needs, with consumers driven to work harder to gain
satisfaction from products and services - misconsumption – advertisers promote
products or services – consumed by consumers but do not satisfy needs – work
hard to pay to consume products – fleeting satisfaction – less time
pg 164
- L – M profile - green products are new with green
credentials that reflect nature in some way
- M – S profile – green products are secondhand, crafted or
local products
- L – M profile – minimal reduction in consumption however
desire to help
- M – S profile – altruistic and self interest fuelled changes
in consumption
- Considers need for a product and alternatives
- Alternatives increase quality of life and feel good factor
for helping the environment
- M – S profile – changed consumption patterns have financial
benefits that allow for a better perceived lifestyle which is alternative to
traditional consumption cycle
- M – S profile – sustainable consumers less inclined towards
green products
pg 165
- green and ethical products have altruistic and individual
appeal for sustainable consumers
- more sustainable consumption is
influenced by individual and group benefits
- sustainable consumers are influenced by personal gain and
perceived alternative quality of - life that sustainable consumption encourages
and promotes
- environmental factor not enough to encourage sustainable
consumption however has seen - a shift to green products which is not enough to
question current systems
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