Monday, 23 April 2018

OUGD501 - Study Task 5 - Essay Structure

Essay Structure


Key paragraphs / points within essay 


The essay was broken down into key points and paragraphs with paraphrases grouped together to provide different viewpoints on each of the areas. The paraphrases are colour coded to match the different sources.

What is creativity and originality? What is the difference between them?

Creativity as a practice
Creativity has to be practiced regularly
If creative techniques are not used then they are lost.

Creativity is a habit rather than a trait
The repetition of creative techniques leads to new habits.

The constant and repeated practice changes creativity from a habit to a skill
The more the tools are used then they will start to become unconscious.
Creativity as seen by others
Creativity is understood by other fields as the process of creating things on demand.
However there are many other aspects to creativity and factors that affect it, such as insight, culture and ethics.
It is wrongly considered that to be creative means being active in the process of generating ideas, however stimulating creativity is just as important.

Elevation of creativity
The idea of transcendence has created impossible definitions and expectations for creativity.
Rather than focussing on originality as an indication of creativity, passion, insight and intrigue will be more important.


Originality
Nothing is original and things always come from somewhere, instead new work is built on what came before.
Originality will become an additive process in which old and new combine to make something.
By accepting that originality is not possible, influence can be embraced to allow creativity.

Reworking ideas
Being successful creatively does not mean regurgitating other peoples ideas but instead creating their own ideas.
Creativity has become the process of reworking old ideas



The accessibility of technology

Accessibilty of information
Technology has allowed collective knowledge to be accessible to anyone.
Within the information age access to technology has meant knowledge has become available to everyone no longer the few.

More creative or less?
Engelbart wanted to increase collective intelligence of groups making them more creative.
The constant accessibility of knowledge in the information age can lead to blocks in creativity.

Infinite recall and originality
The rise of technology and its ability to automate processes has increased the efficiency of searching the domain.
By knowing lots there is little room for imagination. Infinite recall
A world of infinite recall is being created, where nothing is forgotten because everything is digitally stored and accessible changing originality forever.
True originality is rare because of infinite recall, with no forgetting, therefore influencing what we create.

The democratisation of technology and creativity. Positives and negative of technology

Availability of tools increase 
The availability of design tools and their ease of use has increased.
Increased accessibility of ideas and technology to achieve aims allows us to be more creative.

Experimentation and Generating ideas
The computer is not good for generating ideas because it encourages perfectionism and editing of them before they are formed.
It takes little effort to experiment with concepts with technology which increase the likelihood of creating something good.

Reduction in process time through automation
Technology has allowed elements of the creative process to be automated which has increased productivity and allowed for more creativity.
Technology allows a wider amount of possibilities and time between intention and finalisation is lowered.
Generative Creation techniques are allowing the democratisation of creativity allowing the amount of time it takes between idea and product to be lowered.
Machines allow the hand increased precision and speed making things easier to create although there is an aesthetic cost.

Computer and skill
Technologies reproduction abilities have changed how creativity and originality are viewed.
Combining ideas lacks skill because the process has been automated, requires less work and because of this is not associated with human expression.

More time to be creative
Technology makes it possible for people to put more time into being creative.
Assisted Creation Systems allow people to spend more time being creative, whilst making lowering the price of creativity.
As society becomes more technological it will also become more creative because it reduces time consuming repetitive tasks.


Change in design practice from technical skill to thinking


Move from technical skill to way of thinking
The role of the machine has led to creativity being shown through thinking rather than the hand.
Design needs to be redefined as a way of thinking that solves problems creatively, rather than viewing design solely as a technical skill.
Through access to technology the skills of a graphic designer are devalued.

Anyone can use creative techniques
Suggests design has been turned into a design process rather than a way of thinking that anyone else can use. 
Creativity has been turned into a technique so it is 'open' to anyone.


Thinking and concept more important
The thinking and concept of a solution is the foundation and future of design.
Imagination is more important than ever because many left brain jobs are being taken by high technology.


The democratisation of technology in design and skills – overview of practice / industry


Redefinition of design practice
The changes in the industry question how design is practiced and by who.
Escalating creativity allows creativity to be highly accessible, therefore redefining skill levels and what design is as a whole.

Anyone can be a designer – learning skill much easier 
Democratisation of technology allows everyone to become a designer.
Technology enables the public to have a go at designing. 
Technology is accelerating the time it takes to learn a skill and democratising creativity.
Originally mastering a creative skill was only available to a few, however with technology creativity is easily accessible.

Rethink on how design should be
Designers do not have ownership over design, it is not a physical thing but a way of thinking.
All aspects of design are changing because of the democratisation of design, including how it is produced, accessed and learned.

Development over time of tools
Tools have been used to increase creative possibilities for thousands of years.
When new technologies are introduced there is initially resistance then accomodation, leading to integration into the design practice.

Collaboration
Social media has allowed users access to different parts of the design process democratising creativity.
Technology has allowed people to connect making it easy to collaborate and meet people.
Creativity is a collaborative process that is helped by technology.



The need for creativity / creative thinking in business and industry

Need for creativity in Business
Creativity has become a commodity for businesses and individuals 
Creativity within the design process allows for competitive advantage.
To be successful in business today you have to be an effective idea generator
Within business there is value seen in original thinking however it is seen as difficult to achieve.
Need workers to use new technologies to compete individually.
By making other people better designers businesses and design teams will be more successful.


Need for creativity in the Industry
The creative industries as well as others look for people who are creative
The industry looks for the most productive and creative.
Within work there is more expectation to be creative.

Need for creativity in Country
'immaterial labour' (knowledge, information, imagination, ideas) is needed for capitalism to thrive. Creative thinking is no longer restricted to certain people, companies or disciplines.
Technological and economic successes linked to creativity.
When everyone in a company is better at design thinking then collectively people are more successful.



Education and teaching design

Change in education set up for industry
Arts education is being used for capitalist purposes and is being pushed to satisfy industry / job expectations.
Curriculum focus on creating students who can meet needs of modern society and help economic growth.
Curriculum provides tools to solve problems posed by teachers / employers.
Design education provides a skill set aimed at industry with digital technologies important and necessary
Problems are becoming more difficult so students need a broad knowledge and skill set to respond.


Critical thinking
Critical and creative thinking are vital for students to be equipped for a changing industry.
There needs to be a focus on critical and creative thinking in design education now and in the future.
There has been a move to teach creative approaches to solve problems.

  

Multidisciplinary approach to design 

A multidisciplinary approach is need within design. 
Multidisciplinary education and engagement with other disciplines are needed in a changing profession.


Creativity Research

The need for Creativity Research

Creativity research aims to help with the creation of tools for a more efficient and successful creative process
Models of creativity have been constructed in order to help with the creation of creative support tools
There has been an increase in interest in the development of technologies to aide the creative process.

Democratisation of Creativity
Creativity has been turned into a technique so it is 'open' to anyone.
Defining creativity objectively is difficult however studying creativity has meant different industries have been able to use creative processes at scale.


Creative Thinking Techniques and Increasing Creativity

More work = More ideas
There is a correlation between the output of work and the amount of quality work produced.
Creativity is mostly failures so an increase in output, increases the amount of good work
There is a direct link between the amount of initial ideas produced and the quality of the final outcome 
There is a focus on the quality of an idea, rather than the quantity of ideas. 


The unknown
Thinking in the known does not lead to new ideas, however considering the unknown leads to creativity.
Being able to accept uncertainty and openness of design / art and not shutting down ideas because of this uncertainty.

Inspiration from a range of domains  
Synthesizing understanding from different areas allows for increasingly creative work
Combining areas of knowledge leads to innovative work
Ideas are a mix of multiple ideas and are the sum of influences.
The problems domain needs to be researched in order to create concepts

Accepting mistakes
If something happens that wasn't expected don't dismiss it as wrong.
Happy accidents can lead to interesting results but creativity cannot be left to chance and luck is not a strategy.


Define the problem
For creativity to begin there needs to be a purpose e.g. brief . Having this intent means constraints can be established allowing creativity to kick in.
To be creative a problem is needed to for a solution to be found.




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